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The information presented on this site is primarily intended as a source of reference to engineers, repairmen, and hobbyists. Most of the projects are given a brief description regarding its operation and hence a person with elementary knowledge in electronics can easily understand its operation.

Before using information on this website please read the disclaimer. Circuit diagrams and component layouts
Circuit diagrams show the connections as clearly as possible with all wires drawn neatly as straight lines. The actual layout of the components is usually quite different from the circuit diagram and this can be confusing for the beginner. The secret is to concentrate on the connections, not the actual positions of components.
The circuit diagram and stripboard layout for the Adjustable Timer project are shown here so you can see the difference.

A circuit diagram is useful when testing a circuit and for understanding how it works. This is why the instructions for projects include a circuit diagram as well as the stripboard or printed circuit board layout which you need to build the circuit.

Drawing circuit diagrams
Drawing circuit diagrams is not difficult but it takes a little practice to draw neat, clear diagrams. This is a useful skill for science as well as for electronics. You will certainly need to draw circuit diagrams if you design your own circuits.
Follow these tips for best results:

Make sure you use the correct symbol for each component.
Draw connecting wires as straight lines (use a ruler).
Put a 'blob' () at each junction between wires.
Label components such as resistors and capacitors with their values.
The positive (+) supply should be at the top and the negative () supply at the bottom. The negative supply is usually labelled 0V, zero volts.
If you are drawing the circuit diagram for science please see the section about drawing diagrams the 'electronics way'.
If the circuit is complex:
Try to arrange the diagram so that signals flow from left to right: inputs and controls should be on the left, outputs on the right.
You may omit the battery or power supply symbols, but you must include (and label) the supply lines at the top and bottom.

Drawing circuit diagrams the 'electronics way'
Circuit diagrams for electronics are drawn with the positive (+) supply at the top and the negative () supply at the bottom. This can be helpful in understanding the operation of the circuit because the voltage decreases as you move down the circuit diagram.
Circuit diagrams for science are traditionally drawn with the battery or power supply at the top. This is not wrong, but there is usually no advantage in drawing them this way and I think it is less helpful for understanding the circuit.

I suggest that you always draw your circuit diagrams the 'electronics way', even for science!

[I hope your science teacher won't mind too much!]

Note that the negative supply is usually called 0V (zero volts).
This is explained on the Voltage and Current page.

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Nokia 6280 with SLR optics
This will give you 36x optical zoom on your cell just because of the + the zoom of the lens you may use. It is strongly recomended to use a prime lens for easier calibrating the focal distance.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
Replace a mini USB port on your cellphone
At some point, just about everyone manages to mess up their precious electronics. In this case, someone (not me) somehow managed to totally demolish the mini USB port in their new Motorola cell phone. Surface mount repairs can be challenging without some serious tools, but it\'s possible to replace parts without a rework station.燞ere is how to do that with some fairly inexpensive tools.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
Identifying Electronic Components
Howto identify and locate information for electronics components you can recycle from discarded gadgets. Brandon gives us example pictures and descriptions for most types of electronics components to help you stock up your home electronics lab. This is a must read for new electronics hobbyist.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
Adding Internal USB (and internal ReadyBoost) to a UMPC
Identify the interface and pins on the internal USB port. Find a USB hub that will physically fit into the eo. Find a fast flash drive that will also fit. Cut and wire the internal USB port to talk to the hub. Wire a port on the hub to manage the WiFi or Bluetooth module. Get it all to actually fit.
Added on Oct 15, 2007
DIY laser longdistance listening device
The following project will show how you can use a laser pointer to hear noises from hundreds of feet away (the distance will be relative to the strength of the laser).
Added on Oct 15, 2007
How to Upgrade the Creative Zen Vision W Hard Drive
Add a 100GB Toshiba hard drive to spice up your Zen with more room. Obviously this will void the waranty, but you will have the largest drive in any Zen W in the world.
Added on Oct 15, 2007

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Computer Projects

Fix that stupid USB connector
That miniusb connector ort on your camera/external hard drive/ music player may allow your devices to be small and hiplooking, but they seriously lack the structural rigity of their pretecessors (RS232, Parallel...) The following is a quick fix guide to solve this problem.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
Accelerometer Based Mouse
Bernard shows us how to use an use an accelerometer as a mouse. This project uses a MEMS X/Y accelerometer, a PIC microcontroller and a old mouse. He also describes a trick for powering the new mouse with the unused RS232 serial control lines.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
SD/MMC card fits in floppy edgeconnector
You can attach an SD camera memory card to any homebrew DIY project that has a few I/O pins, using ordinary connectors you probably have right now
Added on Nov 19, 2007
USB to RS232 converter
The FT8U232AM requires a small number of external components to produce a device that converts USB to TTL level RS232 signals. All you need to add is a TTL to RS232 converter to provide the 12V RS232 logic levels.
Added on Jul 21, 2007
GP2X built in USB host port
The GP2X is an handheld running Linux. It has 2 armprocessors and a few peripherials, amongst others an usb host function. The usb host function is available through the extport, but no 5V is available there, so in order to get usb from that you\'ll either need a wall wart to supply the 5V or use a DCDCconverter to generate 5V from the 3.3V that is available from the extport.
Added on Jul 21, 2007
Simple Parallel (Printer) Port Interface
This interface is also useful for controlling small robots, etc. It is cheap and fairly easy to build
Added on Jul 21, 2007
GPSmodule built into a GP2X
The GP2X is an handheld running Linux. It has 2 armprocessors and a few peripherial interfaces: Available on the extport is a serial port which normally is used as a debugging port. Other hardware can be connected to it too, though.
Added on Jul 21, 2007
Cluster using WT300s
It\'s completely passive and contains a Geode X86like processor at 200MHz, an SDRAMslot, a memory chip and peripherials like a serial port and integrated video. In the box, integrated on the motherboard, is a 256K BIOSchip and an 8MB DiskOnChipdevice.
Added on Jul 21, 2007

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Electronics Projects

Temperature led for Weller WTCPs
An indicator is nice, but how to implement that Because all the intelligence of the heat regulation happens inside the soldering iron, the station itself is just a big 230 to 24Vtransformer and an onoffswitch.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
Chronograph
The chronograph works in the normal way, by timing how long it takes a projectile to break two infrared beams spaced 3 inches apart in the tube. The spacing is critical as any offset will result in a measurement error. The minimum measurable projectile speed is approximately 38.1 ft/sec.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
Disassembling your Zen Micro
We are actually talking about a complete and comprehensive disassembly of the Zen Micro and hopefully with this, we can all walk away with a better understanding on the anatomy of the impressive portable audio player.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
How To Make a Speaker
A homemade speaker using a plastic cup, business card, wire, magnet and some Lego blocks. I built this speaker from scratch; I was surprised of the quality of the sound.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
Electric LEGO Motor
As the beakman motor have no torque at all, I decided to buil this project based on the design of the regular electric motors. With a medium difficulty, this motor is able to work with a fair load using 6 volts.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
Electric LEGO Motor II
This motor is more like Pulse Motor as it pushes the magnets with only one coil. With only 3 Volts, it have three times more torque that the previous one and is easier to build.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
How to take apart your A2
I am here to present to you the definitive guide to removing that pesky dust from your A2.
Added on Nov 19, 2007
The high performance SMD headphone
Since many years back I make SMD designs at work but I have never before designed any audio with mainly SMD parts. This is my very first audio SMD project.
Added on Nov 3, 2007

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Science Projects

Cook hotdogs with the Sun in minutes
How to make a powerful solar concentrator that can cook four or five hotdogs in minutes. The Solar Hotdog Cooker is made out of a thin (1/8 inch thick) plastic mirror that can be found at plastic shops and glass stores.
Added on Jul 18, 2007
Make a solar powered marshmallow roaster
How to make a marshmallow roaster, powered by the sun. It can be made from readily available materials, and while it is probably a little safer than the traditional method of roasting marshmallows.
Added on Jul 18, 2007
Photography through a microscope
A simple toy microscope and a disposable camera can team up to make stunning photographs of very tiny things. You simply focus the microscope carefully by eye as you would normally do. Then you place the camera lens right up against the eyepiece, and snap the picture.
Added on Jul 18, 2007
Video through the microscope
Some cheap computer video cameras have adjustable focus lenses that can focus almost right up to the lens. This allows you to aim the camera straight up, and put a microscope slide on the lens ring, and focus on the slide.
Added on Jul 18, 2007
Listening to Electric Fish
An Electric Fish emits pulses of electricity into the water, with which it locates food, other fish, and potential mates. It is easy to listen in on these electrical signals with simple inexpensive equipment, such as a piezoelectric earphone, or a small amplifier.
Added on Jul 18, 2007
Building the impossible kaleidoscope
In this section we will build a toy called the Polariscope. As you can see from the above photograph, the Polariscope creates patterns of beautiful colors, somewhat like a kaleidoscope, but by an entirely different mechanism.
Added on Jul 16, 2007
Building a simple spectroscope
A spectroscope is a device that lets us find out what things are made of. It works by taking light and splitting it up into its component colors. Different elements make different colors when they glow.
Added on Jul 16, 2007
Make a permanent rainbow
In this project, we are going to capture those colorful patterns on paper, in a permanent form, so you can view them anytime you like, without a messy puddle.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM TO PCB LAYOUT 2

V. Ryan ? 2002

Below is an example of a 555 monostable timer circuit. When a circuit is designed it is first drawn on a piece of software that allows the components to be set out in the circuit. Software such as 'Crocodile Clips' is ideal for school use as it allows each component to be moved around the screen and testing of the circuit once it is complete. Once complete as a working circuit diagram it must then be converted into a printed circuit board layout (PCB). Normally the completed circuit diagram is imported into a second piece of software such as PCB Wizard which converts the diagram automatically.

Left is the monostable circuit drawn as a circuit diagram. Circuit diagrams are often easier to understand and follow. Some of the components have been labelled. If you compare the circuit diagram with the printed circuit board version (below it) one of the main differences is the numbering of the pins of the 555 IC. On a PCB these are always in order but this is not always the case for the circuit diagrams.

The PCB layout is set out in a slightly different way as the tracks are set in a more efficient layout, which saves space and expensive printed circuit board.

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mailtopang.
Posts: 1
From: M'sia
17 Jan 2003 1:35 PM
Hi all,

Searching for handphone circuit diagram and the PCB diagram. Does anyone have any idea where to get this cheaply If possible, with repair notes.

Thanks

Rgds,

mailtopang

Reply Quote

dr_mrtzx@hotmail.com.
Posts: 1
From: London
27 Jan 2003 4:24 PM
Hiya,

I have this high resolution Pcb Diagram for you ￡10 pounds and just email me if you want the product , Kewl ...

JE (mrtzx)

Reply Quote

NANANG RONI W.
Posts: 1
From: ITN MALANG
30 Apr 2003 10:57 PM
I WANT TO GET ALL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM HANDPHONE

Reply Quote

George Anthony Kermeen.
Posts: 1
From: Dudley Designs And Technical Services
24 Jun 2003 9:58 PM

Hi

Have you got a circuit diagram, parts list service manual etc for a Motorola C520 mobile telephone please. I need to operate the keys with relays or analogue switches controlled by a microcomputer if possible and may be read the LCD message bus to access text messages if possible using a microcomputer. We would be very grateful for any help and advice to be able to achieve this please.

Best Regards

George

dudleydesigns@aol.com

Reply Quote

helal.
Posts: 1
From: Bangladesh
23 Jul 2003 10:33 AM
dear Sir,

I am from bangladesh. I am searching circuit diagram of mobile phone. I am providing servicing facility in my country. pls help me!!!! i am

M. Sc. in applied physics & Electronics.

best regard.

yours faihfully

helal

Reply Quote

jashim
Posts: 1
From: Bangladesh
20 Oct 2003 10:09 AM
Sir

I wanna get circuit diagram of cellphone. Pls send or give information about that.

Thanks

Jashim

Reply Quote

BASKARA RAVEENDRA
Posts: 1
From: India
9 Feb 2004 9:09 AM

Originally posted by mailtopang. on 17 Jan 2003 1:35 PM
Hi all,
Searching for handphone circuit diagram and the PCB diagram. Does anyone have any idea where to get this cheaply If possible, with repair notes.
Thanks
Rgds,
mailtopang
b_raviece@yahoo.com

Reply Quote

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Direct links to other DC Electronics pages:
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Basic Electronic Components and Circuits. . .
Resistors: [Resistor Construction] [The Color Code] [Resistors in Series] [Resistors in Parallel] [The Voltage Divider] [Resistance Ratio Calculator] [ThreeTerminal Resistor Configurations] [Delta<==>Wye Conversions] [The Wheatstone Bridge]
Capacitors: [Capacitor Construction] [Reading Capacitor Values] [Capacitors in Series] [Capacitors in Parallel]
Inductors and Transformers: [Inductor Construction] [Inductors in Series] [Inductors in Parallel] [Transformer Concepts]
Combining Different Components: [Resistors With Capacitors] [Resistors With Inductors] [Capacitors With Inductors] [Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors]
Using Schematic Diagrams

Because different electronic components have different characteristics, it is necessary to distinguish between them in any circuit diagram. Of course, we could use the block diagram approach, and just identify each component with words. Unfortunately, this takes up a lot of space and makes the overall diagram harder to recognize or understand quickly. We need a way to understand electrical diagrams far more quickly and easily.

The answer is to use schematic symbols to represent electronic components, as shown in the diagram to the right. In this diagram, we show the schematic symbol of a battery as the electrical source, and the symbol of a resistor as the load. Even without the words and arrows, the symbols define exactly what this circuit is and how it behaves.

The symbol for each electronic component is suggestive of the behavior of that component. Thus, the battery symbol above consists of multiple individual cells connected in series. By convention, the longer line represents the positive terminal of each cell. The battery voltage would normally be specified next to the symbol.

The zigzag line represents any resistor. In most cases, its resistance is specified next to the symbol just as the battery voltage would be given. It is easier and faster to read the symbol and the legend "4.7k" next to it, than to see a box and have to read "4700ohm resistor" inside it.

As we introduce various electronic components in these pages, we will provide their schematic symbols as well.

One of the problems that can occur with schematic diagrams is too many lines all over the page. It's not a big deal when there are only two components in the circuit, but think of what the complete diagram for a modern television receiver or even a radio receiver would look like. We need a way to reduce the number of lines showing electrical connections.

We can help reduce the problem by noting that one connection is common to all circuitry, and serves as the reference point from which all electrical measurements are made. This electrical connection is designated the "ground reference," or simply "ground," in the circuit. The modified schematic diagram is shown to the right.

This circuit is actually the same as the one above, with the voltage source designated "E" (for EMF or ElectroMotive Force) and the load designated "R" (for Resistance). The ground symbols ( ) are assumed to be electrically connected to each other without any explicit connection shown. Often a circuit will be constructed on a steel or aluminum chassis, in which case the chassis itself is commonly used as the electrical ground as well as the mechanical support for the circuitry.